2.1.1 Sustainable management of commercial plantations
2.1.1.1 Criteria and indicators for sustainable forest
management
2.1.1.2 Economic sustainability
2.1.1.2.1 Long-term economic sustainability of plantation
forests
2.1.1.2.2 Introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
2.1.1.3 Social sustainability
2.1.1.4 Environmental sustainability
2.1.1.4.1 Effects on water consumption
2.1.1.4.2 Effects on soil properties
2.1.1.4.3 Effects on biodiversity
2.1.1.4.4 Pollution and effluents from wood production
and processing industries
2.1.2 Multiple use of plantations
2.1.2.1 Collection of plantation forest products by
neighbouring communities
2.1.2.2 The role of plantation forests in overall
watershed management
2.1.2.3 The role of industrial forestry in national
energy supply
2.1.3 Commercial forestry outgrower schemes
2.1.3.1 Planning of outgrower schemes
2.1.3.2 Traditional administration and tenure rights of
outgrower schemes
2.1.4 Prospects for expansion of plantation forest
2.1.4.1 Sustainable expansion of industrial forest area
2.1.5 Value Adding Initiatives
2.1.5.1 Establishment of value adding industries
2.1.5.2 Forestry and existing fiscal policy
2.2.1 Community woodlots
2.2.1.1 Planning of woodlots
2.2.1.2 Community woodlot management skills
2.2.1.3 Ownership and user rights of woodlots
2.2.2 Wattle forests
2.2.2.1 Commercial production and management of wattle
2.2.2.2 The effect of wattle on biodiversity
2.2.2.3 Non-commercial use and management of wattle
resources
2.2.2.4 User rights of wattle on communal land
2.2.3 Agro-forestry
2.2.3.1 Scope for agro-forestry development in Swaziland
2.2.3.2 Selection of suitable tree species
2.2.4 Trees and land rehabilitation
2.2.4.1 Effective use of trees in conservation and
rehabilitation of land
2.2.5 Communal rights and responsibilities in indigenous
forest management
2.2.5.1 Communal responsibility for the management of
indigenous forests
2.2.5.2 Ownership and user rights
2.2.6 Services to support community forestry
2.2.6.1 Effective services to community forestry
2.3.1 Planning of forestry in urban and peri-urban zones
2.3.1.1 The functions and benefits of urban forestry
2.3.1.2 Green belts and special habitats as protected
urban areas
2.3.1.3 Planning of urban and peri-urban green belts and
forested areas
2.3.1.4 Community participation in urban forestry
planning
2.3.2 Management of urban and peri-urban forestry
2.3.2.1 Control of trees and forests in urban land
2.3.2.2 Development of management capability and capacity
2.4.1 Key management aspects of natural forests and
woodlands
2.4.1.1 Current management of the natural forests and
woodlands
2.4.1.2 Underlying causes of forest degradation
2.4.1.3 Management of forest fires
2.4.1.4 Valuation and natural resource accounting of
forest and woodland resources
2.4.2 Commercial management aspects of natural forests and
woodlands
2.4.2.1 Improving commercial use and management of
communal forest resources
2.4.2.2 Trade in forest products with proper valuation
2.4.2.3 Small processing industries based on forest
products
2.4.2.4 Community involvement in the management of
protected areas
2.4.3 Valuation and use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs)
2.4.3.1 The value of non-timber forest products
2.4.3.2 Research into utilisation of non-timber forest
products
2.4.3.3 Medicinal plants
2.4.3.4 Indigenous tree species used for woodcraft
2.4.4 The role of natural forests in the production of
fuelwood and provision of energy
2.4.4.1 Estimate of the need for fuelwood
2.4.4.2 Sustainable fuelwood production from natural
forest resources
2.4.4.3 The balance between fuelwood from natural and
other sources
2.4.5 Cultural importance of forest resources
2.4.5.1 Supply of trees and plant materials essential for
cultural purposes
2.4.5.2 Spiritual needs and rights related to forest
resources
2.4.6 Forestry and tourism
2.4.6.1 The value of natural forests and woodlands for
forestry and tourism
2.4.6.2 Use of government controlled land for forestry
and tourism
2.4.7 Conservation of the biodiversity of natural forest
resources
2.4.7.1 Preservation of genetic forest plant resources
2.4.7.2 Indigenous ecological knowledge
2.4.7.3 Threats to biodiversity
2.4.7.3.1 Lack of knowledge and public awareness raising
2.4.7.3.2 Development of programmes to address threats to
biodiversity
2.4.7.3.3 Control of invasive alien plant species
2.4.7.4 Coverage and size of biodiversity conservation
areas in Swaziland
2.4.7.5 Identification and selection of flora protection
areas
2.4.7.6 Protection of wetlands
2.4.7.7 Protection and conservation of hill and mountain
forests and woodlands
2.4.7.8 Management of future protection areas