Maguga Dam *

| Project News and Updates | Maguga Dam Facts and Figures | 4th SEB Feeder Project | 400 kV Transmission Line Project | Proposed Greenstone Quarry - Malolotja Nature Reserve  | The Lower Usutu River Basin Irrigation Project |

Komati Basin Water Authority (KOBWA)

Phase 1b Development of the Komati River Basin Project

Background

The Maguga Dam project is the second in a major development initiative to improve the management of the water resources in the Komati River Basin. The first development being the Driekoppies Dam on the Lomati River in South Africa completed in December 1999.

This international programme was established through the 1992 Komati Basin Treaty between the Kingdom of Swaziland and the Republic of South Africa.

The 11 000 square kilometre Komati drainage basin which straddles South Africa and Swaziland, provides an important water resource to users in both countries and neighbouring Mozambique. In an average year the slopes of the basin will shed around 1.4 billion cubic metres of water.

Maguga Dam will provide for expected increases in primary water demand, stabilise river flows and support agriculture development among other water management objectives for the region. With the exception of the Escom power stations on the Mpumalanga highveld which are fed by dams in the upper catchment, most of the consumers depend on the unregulated flow of the river system.

The dam site located on the Komati River near the Swaziland town of Piggs Peak.

A provisional long-term plan for the management of the water from the Komati basin includes the phased construction of a possible seven new dams. Maguga and the completed Driekoppies Dame comprise Phase 1 of this programme.

Existing storage dams of significant size in the Komati River Basin are the Nooitedacht, Vygeboom, Barbaton and Shiyangube dams.

The South African Water Resources Plan was formulated in 1984 to cater for the increase in water demand for afforestation, domestic livestock, agriculture, industrial and mining sectors.

South Africa and Swaziland acknowledge that Mozambique is entitled to a reasonable and equitable share of the water from the Komati River Basin. the exact share has not yet been determined but studies of the greater Komati Basin are being carried out to quantify water resources and the demands on those resources.

Overall management of this project is by the Komati Basin Water Authority (KOBWA), a bi-national agency established under the terms of the Komati Basin Treaty between South Africa and Swaziland. The main purpose of KOBWA is the implementation of Phase 1 of the development of the Komati River Basin - the construction, financing, operation and maintenance of the two dams.

The first stage of the Phase 1 development was the construction of the Driekoppies Dam on the Lomati River, a tributary of the Komati, in South Africa. The second stage of Phase 1 development is the construction of the Maguga Dam on the Komati River in Swaziland. Construction is underway by the Komati Dam Joint Venture (KDJV), a consortium of South African and Swazi contractors. The design and construction supervision is being undertaken by the Maguga Dam Joint Venture (MDJV), a joint venture between Consult4 (South Africa) and Swazi Groups consultants.

Social and Environmental Responsibility

A large project with multiple components and objectives has the potential to cause a major disruption to the social and environmental landscape. Anticipating and obviating or reducing such negative impacts is an important part of the project management at Maguga.

A Feasibility Stage Environmental Impact Assessment was carried out by Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners in 1992 and forms the basis of all environmental considerations within the project. The report that was produced ensures that measures aimed at monitoring and controlling the impact of the development on the environment are addressed.

Within the reservoir area of Maguga Dam a number of homesteads along with cultivated and grazing land will be inundated once the reservoir starts to fill. This will require that these people be moved as well as their ancestral graves and livestock.

It is a prime requirement of the policy agreed between Swaziland and South Africa that people adversely affected by the project should be compensated, including resettlement where necessary, in such a manner that the affected communities are better off than they were before.

The Treaty sets out the basis on which KOBWA can operate. The responsibility of each Party includes the provision free of third party interest of all land required for the construction, operation and maintenance of the dam, appurtenant works (measuring weirs, access roads, etc.) and reservoir. This make the Swaziland Government responsible for relocation and compensation of all parties affected by the construction, operation and maintenance of the development, more properly defined as the socio-economic environmental issues.

A full bio-physical Environmental Impact Assessment and Comprehensive Mitigation Plan have been carried out for the Maguga Dam basin and its environs as per the legal requirement of the Swaziland Environment Authority.

Apart for the Dam basin area, EIA's for all components of the project have also been carried out or are still being drafted (as is the case for the resettlement planning).

In order to mitigate some of the impacts expected from such a large project, the findings or the EIA's were incorporated into planning and design of all project components.

Monitoring programmes are being carried out to ensure that the relocation, compensation and mitigation programmes are effective.

The Project

During 1992, the Governments of the Kingdom of Swaziland and the Republic of South Africa signed and ratified the Treaty on the Development and Utilisation of the Water Resources of the Komati River Basin, which provides for the joint construction of the Driekoppies and Maguga Dams and the formation of the bi-national Komati Basin Water Authority (KOBWA). The Driekoppies Dam in the South Africa has already been constructed.

In October 1993 and January 1994, Swaziland and South Africa respectively confirmed their commitment to the construction of the Maguga Dam in Swaziland, which has started. The new democratic Government of the Republic of South Africa has recently extensively reviewed the relevant aspects of this development and has reconfirmed its full support for the construction of the Maguga Dam.

The project will allow for a significant increase of irrigation in Swaziland and for previously neglected small commercial farmers in the Nkomazi district of South Africa; improve water supplies for existing irrigation and to the large local population; improve ecological water supplies and water supplies to Mozambique, support sustainable socio-economic development and increase the regional opportunities therefore and promote co-operation between South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique who are all members of the Southern African Development Community Region.

The question of the guarantee structure has been resolved between the two Governments. South Africa will provide a 100% guarantee on the loans raised by KOBWA for the project and Swaziland will provide a 40% back-to-back guarantee to the South Africa.

Good progress has been made in the definition of the studies of the regional development linked to the Komati Project and the Cumulative Environmental Impact Assessment of the Komati Basin developments. Mozambique has indicated great interest in participating in these studies.

Mozambique is being kept informed on progress. The Maguga Dam Project has the potential to link up with the Maputo Corridor Development.

The principal components of the Maguga Dam Project comprise:

a. The construction of the Maguga Dam on the Komati River

The Maguga dam will:

• provide for the expected increases in primary water demand within the Basin
• allow for a moderate increase in irrigation development
• improve and assure water supplies to existing irrigation and urban developments
• establish irrigation on the right bank (south eastern side) of the Lomati River
• stabilise irrigation supply on the left bank (north western side) of the Lomati River
• stabilise water supply to existing users downstream of the Komati-Lomati confluence
• utilise irrigation releases to generate hydro-electric power at times of peak demand
• stabilise river flows

The main features of the dam and reservoir are:

b. New permanent access roads and upgrading of existing roads

c. Re-alignment of the Mbabane-Piggs Peak road with a new road bridge over the Komati River

d. A permanent residential township and infrastructure including recreational facilities at the rehabilitated Piggs Peak Club

e. New bulk water supply for Piggs Peak

f. Office accommodation (permanent and temporary) at the dam site

g. improvement of schools, clinics and the main government hospital in Piggs peak

Scope of Work for MDC-1

Work required for MDC-1 includes the detailed planning of an environmental impact assessment and the design and construction of the following:

• the north and south permanent access roads to the dam site - awarded to Wilson Bayly Holmes Overkon
• the bridge and approach sections of the MR-1 road at the Komati River - contract awarded to Grinaker Construction
• various sections of temporary access roads at the dam site - awarded to Wilson Bayly Holmes Overkon
• construction of the dam office complex - awarded to Wilson Bayly Holmes Overkon

Scope of Work for MDC-2

Work required for MDC-2 includes the detailed planning of an environmental impact assessment and the design and construction of the following:

• bulk water supply to Piggs Peak
• roads in housing area
• all services in housing area
• solid waste disposal site

Scope of Work for MDC-3

Work required for MDC-3 includes detailed town planning including an environmental impact assessment and detailed architectural design and construction of the following:

• housing at all levels for the accommodation of the Maguga Dam Project construction personnel (184 units)
• upgrading of the Piggs Peak country club, various sports fields and selected health facilities

Scope of Work for MDC-4

Work required for MDC-4 includes the detailed planning of an environmental impact assessment and the design and construction of the following:

• a dry core rockfill dam 750m long and 113m high
• a river diversion by means of two tunnels about 410m long and an upstream cofferdam 15m high
• concrete intake works consisting of a 102m high dry tower and a 12m diameter shaft over the outlet tunnel
• a bifurcation of the outlet tunnel consisting of the penstock tunnel to the power station and a river outlet works
• a raw water pump station including pumping main from outlet works to a water treatment plant
• a clay core saddle dam approximately 300m long and 15m high
• a lybirth type concrete spillway, chute and deflector bucket including a 9m wide concrete road bridge carried along the top of the spillway and comprising 9x25m spans
• civil and structural construction of a power station

MDC-4 has been awarded to a joint venture between Group Five Swaziland, WBH Swaziland, LTA, Grinaker and a Swazi consortium.

The 34 month contract is worth E343.5m

KDJV contractors won the tender to build the actual Maguga Dam and to complete it by the year 2001.

The Maguga Dam site is situated in the Middleveld region of Swaziland, about 8 km direct distance downstream of the Mbabane - Piggs Peak road bridge over the Komati river and about 12 km south of Piggs Peak.

Engineering, water utilisation and economic studies have indicated that the optimum development is a dam about 105 m high impounding a reservoir having a full supply level of 626 m.a.s.l. and a gross volume of 332 hm3. The optimum size for the hydro-electric generating plant at the dam has been shown to be 15 MW installed capacity.

The following possible types of dam are to be considered:

• the preferred design of a straight or curved gravity dam or roller compacted concrete, with central uncontrolled spillway and a clay core earthfill or rockfill embankment for the flanks

or the less preferred designs as

• rockfill embankment with asphaltic concrete core or membrane, uncontrolled chute spillway and a clay core embankment for the flanks
• rockfill embankment with a concrete facing, uncontrolled chute spillway and a clay core earthfill embankment for the flanks

with emergency spillway arrangements on the left flank.

Scope of Work for MDC-5

Work required for MDC-5 includes the detailed planning of an environmental impact assessment and the design and construction of the following:

• hydro-electric power house
• electro-mechanical works
• transformer
• switching yard and
• transmission lines

Scope of Work for MDC-6

Work required for MDC-6 includes the following:

• the development of an environmental impact assessment for the Maguga Dam Project
• the development of an environmental impact assessment for the reservoir
• the determination of the Instream Flow Requirements for the Komati River from Maguga Dam to the confluence of the Komati and Crocodile Rivers near Komtipoort

The Environmental Impact Assessment of the Reservoir and the Instream Flow Requirements contract (MDC-6) was awarded to AfriDev Consultants Ltd and Knight Piésold (Pty) Ltd. The project length is expected to be 5 years. The broad aim of the Reservoir Environmental Impact Assessment and Instream Flow Requirements Project is to develop a comprehensive Maguga Dam Project EIA Report and CMP and to receive information on the effectiveness of the application of Task specific CMP's. The appointed Consultants will ensure the minimisation of adverse impacts of Maguga Dam on the environment and on the Swazi people and the maximisation of beneficial impacts.

The Components of the Development

The tasks are:

MDC-1 - Permanent Access Roads to the Dam and Relocation of the Bridge and Adjusted Portion of MR-1 Road

MDC-2 - Infrastructure of the Housing Area

MDC-3 - Town Planning & Architectural Service related to Permanent Housing

MDC-4 - Design and Supervision of Construction: Main Civil Works and Associated Hydraulic Steelworks

MDC-5 - Design and Supervision of Construction: Power House Electro-Mechanical Works, Transformer, Switching Yard and Transmission Lines

MDC-6 - Reservoir Environmental Impact Assessment and Instream Flow Requirements

The Komati River Bridge

The existing bridge on the MR1 between Piggs Peak and Mbabane has to be replaced with a new bridge as the existing bridge will be overtopped with at least 8m of water when the Maguga Dam is built and fully inundated. The consulting engineers responsible for the design and construction supervision of the bridge is the Maguga Dam Joint Venture. This joint venture consists of Consult4 from South Africa and ZMCK Consulting Engineers from Swaziland.

The project to construct the new bridge with associated roadworks was awarded to Grinaker Construction in May 1998 for a contract amount of E21 million and a contract period of 12 months.

The new bridge consists of two abutments, six piers and seven span pre-stressed continuous hollow concrete box deck. All foundations for the abutments and piers were founded on medium to hard rock and anchored with galvanized dowels drilled into the rock. The centre pier is 32 metres tall. The piers are hollow with solid sections at the bottom and top. A total of 1440 m³ of concrete and 150 toms of reinforcement were used to construct the piers.

It was decided to use the incremental launching method to construct the 305 metres bridge deck across the Komati River. The advantage of this construction method is that no temporary support is needed during the construction of the deck.

The 305 metre long deck has a 6% super elevation, a 375 metre radius and a 1.75% uphill grade. The deck was constructed in twenty segments of 15.2 metres each behind the first abutment. A total of 125 m³ of concrete and 23 tons of reinforcement were used to construct one segment. The segments were cast in three stages and were constructed at a rate of one per week. The segments were stressed to each other with pre-stress cables and pushed across the river over the piers with a steel launching nose. The minimum concrete strength needed for stressing was 30 MPa which was normally reached within 60 hours. The design 28-day strength of the concrete used for the deck was 50 MPa. A total of 70 km of pre-stress cables was used to stress the segments together.

The central four piers were temporarily stayed during the launching operation to withstand the launching forces with a total length of 2.4 km of stressing cables.

The final launch was carried out on Wednesday 18th August 1999 when the 6800 ton deck was pushed into its final position.

The Maguga Dam

The Maguga Dam on the Komati River some 12 km south of Piggs Peak will be 115 m high when it is completed in September 2001. There are three larger structures in the region being the Katse Dam in Lesotho, and the Kariba and Cabora Bassa Dams on the Zambezi.

The Komati River drains an international drainage basin which is the source of water for South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique.

The Komati Basin Water Authority (KOBWA) has been established as a bi-national agency under the terms of the Komati Basin Treaty between South Africa and Swaziland for the purposes of implementing Phase 1 of the development of the Komati River Basin. Phase 1 consists of two sub-phases, namely Driekoppies on the Lomati River in South Africa (Phase 1a) and Maguga Dam on the Komati River in Swaziland (Phase 1b).

The project to construct the Maguga Dam was awarded to the Komati Dam Joint Venture (KDJV - a joint venture between Group Five Swaziland, WBHO Swaziland, LTA, Grinaker and a Swazi consortium) for a contract amount of E343 489 654 and a contract period of 34 months.

The Joint Water Commission monitors the activities of KOBWA on behalf of the government s of Swaziland and South Africa.

In terms of the treaty entered into by the two countries, the cost of the project and the distribution of the water from the dam will be shared 60% 40% between South Africa and Swaziland respectively.

Earthworks for the construction of the dam will include more than 2 million m³ of excavations, 1.45 million m³ of drill and blast rockfill, 813 000 m³ of clay core material for the dam wall, 2.8 million m³ of rockfill for the dam wall and 457 000 m³ of crushed filters for the dam wall. Major concrete quantities include 132 000 m³ concrete, 8 000 tons or reinforcement and 78 000 square metre of formwork. The vast majority of the earthwork materials will be excavated from areas behind the dam within the inundation zone of the reservoir so will be submerged and 'out of sight' when the reservoir fills.

Other notables of the Dam include:

• a dry core rockfill dam 750m long and 115m high
• a river diversion by means of two tunnels about 410m long and an upstream cofferdam 15m high
• a concrete intake works consisting of a 102m high dry tower and a 12m diameter shaft over the outlet tunnel
• a bifurcation of the outlet tunnel consisting of the penstock tunnel to the power station and a river outlet works
• a raw water pump station including pumping main from outlet works to a water treatment plant
• a clay core saddle dam approximately 300m long and 15m high
• a labyrinth type concrete spillway, chute and deflector bucket including a 9m wide concrete road bridge carried along the top of the spillway and comprising 9x25m spans
• civil and structural construction of a power station

Engineering, water utilisation and economic studies have indicated that the optimum development is a 115 metre high dam impounding a reservoir having a full supply level of 626 m.a.s.l. and a gross volume of 332 hm³. The optimum size for the hydro-electric generating plant at the dam has been shown to be 15 MW installed capacity.

Access Roads

Access roads are a major part of the Maguga Dam projects advanced infrastructure. Two major roads either side of the Komati River meeting at the dam site were needed to enable dam building materials to be brought to site.

The two roads are tar, all weather access roads about 13 km long. The Southern and Northern Access Roads are linked over the dam wall. The reasons for constructing two tar roads were threefold:

Firstly to contribute to the national Roads infrastructure, thus guaranteeing that the Ministry of Public Works and Transport will take over the maintenance of these roads after the Project,

Secondly to speed access to the dam for deliveries of materials: materials from Swaziland (Matsapha, Mbabane and Manzini) and Gauteng would come through the Southern Access Road while materials from Mpumalanga would come through the Northern Access Road.

Thirdly, due to the fact that the Piggs Peak area is a high rainfall zone resulting in slippery roads when wet, tarred roads were essential for access to the dam site during construction, especially for heavy trucks during the rainy season.

The project to construct the Access Roads was awarded to Wilson Bayly Holmes Overkon (WBHO) for a contract amount of E49 543 796.

The access roads have additional benefits to the Maguga Dam communities and the nation at large. The access roads will link up communities of the Maguga Dam area who were previously separated by the Komati River. The roads have also improved access by these communities to clinics, schools and shops, particularly those in Piggs Peak. It is believed that the access roads will also facilitate a growing tourist industry with tourists and visitors using the roads to access the dam.

Besides the technical problems of slippage caused by the geology of the area, there were a number of other problems encountered during construction including the relocation of homesteads to make way for the roads, some homesteads were affected by blasting and impact roller damage, wash off from the roads contaminated local water sources and silted a lot of homestead fields. These problems are being addressed both by the Project and the affected people.

Resettlement and Compensation

There are more than 155 homesteads which will be affected by the inundation of the Maguga reservoir and 35% of them will have to physically move out of the inundation area.

This is naturally a traumatic experience and every effort is being made to ensure that, (a) they are involved in the planning and implementation of the move, and (b) their standard of living at the new location is at least as good as it was in the reservoir area and preferably better.

To cater for the need for alternative land to accommodate those families that have to be moved, a host area, allocated by the Government of Swaziland, has been identified and agreed to by the affected families. The host area was formally a part of the Nyonyane Sisa Ranch near Madlangempisi.

The principle employed for and agreed to by all affected parties for land losses in the reservoir area is that of land-for-land in the host resettlement area. The total arable land to be lost to inundation is about 2 000 hectares. Privately owned fruit trees (estimated at 5907) will also be compensated in kind with new saplings to be planted in the host area and an allowance paid for lost production.

Each homestead having graves located below the proposed full supply level of the reservoir, will be assisted to relocate the graves to other appropriate locations selected by the relatives.

For those families that have to move to the host area, each family will be provided with structures made of modern materials to replace an equivalent floor space area to the structures lost. Each homestead will be provided with an improved toilet, fencing around the homestead and potable water to World Health Standards. The host area will also be provided with adequate communal facilities such as classrooms, medical services and community centres.

An important element of the resettlement planning is to restore the incomes of the homesteads to a level equivalent of better to what they enjoyed prior to their move. Development therefore plays an important role in the effort to restore incomes.

Cattle that once grazed in the area now occupied by the dam works as well as within the reservoir area at large, have already been moved to the host area. Approximately 50% of the cattle owned by the affected parties has moved and are being guarded and cared for by their owners.

with dam construction and impoundment due to finish in 2001, there is a pressing deadline to have all those families that need to move, moved and resettled before this date. Impoundment will not take place if issues related to resettlement have not been adequately resolved by 2001.

The Piggs Peak Bulk Water Supply

An important component of the advanced infrastructure for the Project included a Bulk Water Supply to convey water from the Maguga Dam to Piggs Peak. The need for a bulk water supply was twofold: firstly to supply water to a permanent township housing the dam contractors staff and secondly to alleviate annual water shortages experienced in Piggs Peak due to a limited and erratic water supply from the Phophonyane River supplying an ever increasing Piggs Peak population.

A treatment works, 15 km pipeline, three pump stations and a bulk water reservoir in Piggs Peak was constructed. All the infrastructure will be handed over to the Swaziland Water Services Corporation for operation and maintenance.

The Maguga Dam water supply and installed infrastructure should meet the expected water demand in Piggs Peak until the year 2010.

Apart from supplying Piggs Peak with water, provisions within the design of the network allow for potable water to be made available to communities living along the length of the pipeline (north side only) for a cost. The Rural Water Supply Branch of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Energy will administer the connections and tertiary network infrastructure.

To minimise disturbance to communities living along the route between the Dam and Piggs Peak, the pipeline was laid alongside the northern access road. However, some homesteads had to be relocated to make way for the pump (lift) stations. Some fields were disturbed by the trenching requirement of a buried pipeline and some water sources (springs) were affected by runoff from the periodic cleaning of the pump station reservoirs. These problems are being addressed both by the Project and the affected people.

The Maguga Dam Clinic

The Maguga Dam Clinic was completed at the end of November 1999 and was fully functional and running at the beginning of December 1999. The building was designed by local architects and built by local Swaziland builders.

The clinics main function is to be a Trauma Facility to handle any major accidents on the Maguga Dam site. The clinic also provides a Primary Health Care service to all 1300 workers on the Project and to limited numbers of their immediate family as well as providing a service to surrounding communities. The clinic has two ambulances based at the clinic and has a helicopter and fixed wing aircraft on stand-by from Nelspruit for any evacuations.

The clinic is open 24 hours a day when there is active construction on the dam site and clinic staff are on 24 hour stand-by roster doe any other emergencies. There are two consulting rooms, an emergency room and sluice, suturing and fracture room, occupational health consulting room, two four bed wards, doctors and sisters offices and store rooms.

The clinic has been equipped with modern surgical technology and can handle any major medical or sugical emergency. Trauma and intensive care doctors and sisters staff the clinic with highly trained paramedics manning the ambulances.

The project to construct the Clinic was awarded to Wilson Bayly Holmes Overkon (WBHO) for an original contract amount of E1 000 000.

At the end of the Project the clinic will be handed over to the ministry of Social Welfare and Health.

The Glen Housing Village

The Glen Housing Project was developed to house all personnel who are involved in the Maguga Dam Project.

One hundred and sixty seven houses have been constructed on what was once a wattle plantation on the edge of Piggs Peak town adjacent to the Piggs Peak Prison. Not only have the houses been constructed, but the entire area has been developed. The open space between the houses has been landscaped and a paved path leads through is and crosses over a meandering stream, on gum-poled bridges. The stream also feeds two small dams.

The project involved the development of all the services such as tarred roads, water, sewerage, electricity and street lighting and telephone infrastructure. All houses have hot and cold water, water-borne sewerage and electricity. The cost of developing the infrastructure was E8 100 000.

The Village is made up of nine different house types to accommodate differing needs such as single occupancy and families. The houses are of different sizes and floor layouts varying in size from 90 to 157m². There are single and double story houses and some houses are designed to be spoilt into two two-bedroomed units. Some houses have tiled roofs, double garages and quarters, others have profiled zinc roofs and double or single garages.

The development of the Village was carried out over four phases. Phase I and II involved the construction of 141 houses by 28 local contractors. Twelve houses wee constructed by two contractors in Phase III and three contractors constructed 14 houses in Phase IV. In all 167 houses were constructed by 31 contractors.

Payments to the contractors was in the region of E31 million.

Post construction landscaping contracts were given to two local contractors who were responsible for fencing all plots at a cost of over E75 000 and for landscaping the open spaces between the houses at a cost of E2 100 000.

The Multi-purpose Hall

The Piggs Peak Town Council and the Piggs Peak community identified a need within the town for a recreational sports facility. At a cost of E1 600 000 a Multi-purpose Hall has been constructed with costs shared between KOBWA and the Piggs Peak Town Council.

The hall has an open floor area in excess of 200². The accommodation includes offices, male and female changing rooms and storage space.

The hall is expected to cater to a range of uses including meetings, educational seminars, church services, clinic services, weddings, indoor sports, emergency accommodation and others as required by the Piggs Peak community.

The Piggs Peak Club

The Piggs Peak Club has been refurbished at a cost of E3 500 000 for the benefit of its members, the Piggs Peak community and personnel involved in the construction of the Maguga Dam.

The Clubhouse was partially demolished and reconstructed to include a bar, dining room, kitchen, office, meeting room and lounge, snooker room, ablutions, changing room ands store room facilities. There is a TV room with DSTV and other public areas. Staff quarters have been provided. A pre-school has also been built alongside the Clubhouse.

Included as part of the development was a squash court, a solar heated swimming pool, two all weather tennis courts and a volley ball court. These courts are also provided with floodlighting. An adjacent sports field is to be upgraded during 2000.

Further Details

Further details of the project can be obtained from:

Back to the Top

* The information provided above does NOT in any way represent the OFFICIAL opinion or views of KOBWA or the Swaziland Government about the Maguga Dam Project

Home | National Projects | Environmental Legislation | Policies and Action Plans | Documents

This page was last updated on 15 November 2001