SEAP - Policy, Legal and Institutional Working Group Report

Contents | Introduction | Chapter One | Chapter Two | Chapter Three | Level One | Level Two | Level Three | Level Four | Annexures | Glossary and Acronyms

APPENDIX A

THE CURRENT LEGAL FRAMEWORK

Summary Schedule of Legislation Relating to Land & Water, Human Settlements and Urbanization

Present
  1. Acquisition of Property Act (Land), 10/1961 MHUD Rarely used
  2. Administration of Estates Act (Estates), 29/1902 Justice Active
  3. Ancillary Rights Act 59/1950 Not used
  4. Arbitration Act 24/1904 Justice Active
  5. Building and Housing Act, 34/1968 MHUD Active
  6. Building Operations Regulations 34/1968(1) MHUD Active
  7. Building Forms Regulations 34/1968(2) MHUD Active
  8. Standard Building Regulations 34/1968(3) MHUD Active
  9. Cattle Routes Act 15/1918 MoAC
  10. Concessions Act (Land), 3/1904 MNRE Rarely used
  11. Concessions Partition Act (Land) 28/1907 MNRE Rarely used
  12. Constitution Act, 50/1968 P.M. Repealed but some sections saved
  13. Contracts by Swazi Chiefs Act, 14/1924 Tinkhundla Active
  14. Control of Tree Planting Act, MOAC/ 7/1972 MNRE Active
  15. Co-operative Societies Act, 28/1964 MOAC Active
  16. Co-operative Societies Regulations 28/1964 MOAC Active
  17. Crown Lands Disposal Act, 13/1911 MHUD Active
  18. Crown Lands Disposal Regulations 13/1911 MHUD Active
  19. Crown Lands Act, 9/1949 MHUD Active
  20. Crown Lands (Conditions) Act, 2/1968 MHUD Active
  21. Crown Lands (Temporary Occupation) Act (Land), 22/1964 MHUD Not used
  22. Crown Lands (Temporary Occupation) Regulations 1964 MHUD Not used
  23. Death Duties Act, 15/1942 Justice Rarely used
  24. Declaration of Controlled Areas 34/1968
  25. Declaration of Public Roads 40/1931
  26. Deeds Registry Act, 37/1968 Justice Active
  27. Deeds Registry Regulations, 37/1968 (as amended by LN 24/73), LN 54/73 and LN 85/73) Justice Active
  28. Deeds Registry (Amendment) Decree 1/1988 Justice Not used
  29. Definition of Swazi Areas Act 41/1916 Tinkhundla
  30. Electricity Act 10/1963 MNRE Active
  31. Swaziland Swaziland Environment Authority Act 15/1992 MNRE Active
  32. Explosives Act 4/1961 MNRE Active
  33. Explosives Regulation 4/1961 MNRE Active
  34. Farm Dwellers Control Act (Land) 12/1982 MNRE Active
  35. Farm Dwellers Control (Agreement) Regulations, 1983 MNRE Active
  36. Fencing Act (Land), 7/1904 MHUD/MOAC Rarely used
  37. Finance (Amendment) Act 5/1994 Finance Active
  38. Human Settlements Authority Act, (Application) Notice 72/1988 MHUD Active
  39. Human Settlements Authority Act (Amendment) 13/1992 MHUD Active
  40. Immovable Property (Race Discrimination) Act 46/1968 Home Affairs Active
  41. Income Tax (Consolidation) Order (Revenue) 21/1975 Finance Active
  42. Income Tax (Amendment) Act 6/1994 Finance Active
  43. Intestate Succession Act (Civil Law) 3/1953 Justice Active
  44. Kings Order in Council 4/1954 MOAC Active
  45. Land Concession Order 15/1973 MNRE/MoJ Rarely used
  46. Land Speculation Control Act (Land) 8/1972 MNRE Active
  47. Land Speculation Control Regulations 8/1972 MNRE Active as amended by LN 67/72 and LN 7/74)
  48. Land Survey Act (Land) 46/1961 MNRE Active
  49. Land Survey Regulations 46/1961 MNRE Active (as amended by LN 43/70, LN 58/71, LN 2/74 and LN 80/75)
  50. Land Survey (Qualification of Land Surveyors) Regulations 46/1961 MNRE Active
  51. Land Tax Order (Revenue) 35/1974 Finance Not used
  52. Marriage Act (Family) 47/1964 Justice Active
  53. Mineral Concessions Commutation Act 38/1912 MNRE Active
  54. The Mining Act No. 5 / 1958 MNRE Active
  55. National Housing Board Act 3/1988 MHUD Active
  56. National Trust Commission Act 9/1972 MNRE Active
  57. Natural Resources Act (Natural Resources) 71/1951 MNRE Active
  58. Natural Resources (Public Stream Banks) Regulations 71/1951(1) MNRE Active
  59. Private Forests Act (Agriculture) 3/1951 MoAC Active
  60. The Rating Act 5/1995 MHUD Active
  61. Rating Act (Local Government) 24/1967 MHUD Repealed
  62. Rating Regulations (Local Government) 24/1967 MHUD Repealed
  63. Rights of Way (Cancellation) Act 16/1962 MNRE Not used
  64. Roads and Outspans Act (Roads) 40/1931 MoPWT Active
  65. Safeguarding of Swazi Areas Act (Swazi Affairs), 39/1910 Tinkhundla Active
  66. Stamp Duties Act, 37/1970 Finance Active
  67. Sub-Division of Land Act (Land) 7/1957 MNRE Active
  68. Swazi Administration Act (Swazi Affairs) 79/1950 Tinkhundla Active
  69. Swazi Administration (Amendment) Act 6/1979 Tinkhundla Active
  70. Swazi Graves Act (Swazi Affairs) 18/1909 Tinkhundla Active
  71. Swaziland Railways Act (Railways) 15/1962 Transport Active
  72. Swazi Land Settlement Act, (Swazi Affairs) 2/1946 Tinkhundla Not used
  73. Swazi Land Settlement Rules 2/1946(1) Tinkhundla -
  74. Town Planning Act (Land) 45/1961 MHUD Active
  75. Transfer Duty Act (Revenue) 8/1902 Finance Active
  76. Urban Government Act, 8/1969 MHUD Active
  77. Urban Area (Sub-Division) Regulations 1930 MHUD Active
  78. Vesting of Land in King Order MNRE/ 45/1973 MHUD Active
  79. Water Act (Natural Resources) 25/1967 MNRE Active
  80. Water Services Corporation Act MHUD Active
  81. Wills Act (Civil Law) 12/1955 Justice Active

Legislation at Draft Stage

  1. Residential Tenancies Bill 1996 MHUD Suspended
  2. Sub-Division and Use of Rural Land Bill 1996 MNRE In progress
  3. Sectional Titles Bill 1996 MHUD Imminent
  4. Land Bill 1996 MHUD Imminent
  5. Valuers Bill 1996 MNRE Imminent
  6. Engineers, Architects and Surveyors Bill 1996 MoWC Imminent
  7. Urban Government Act & Regulations MHUD In progress
  8. Solid Waste Disposal Act & Regulations MTEC In progress
  9. Water Act MNRE In progress

Note that the draft Land Bill will involve the repeal, consolidation or amendment of many of the above Acts.

Further note that there are also reviews of various land-related statutes under way or planned e.g. the Land Speculation Control Act, the Planning Act, the Building Act...

Summary Schedule of Legislation Relating to Tourism/eco-tourism

  1. Control of Tree Planting Act, MOAC/7/1972 MNRE Active
  2. National Trust Commission Act 9/1972 MNRE Active
  3. Natural Resources Act (Natural Resources) 71/1951 MNRE Active
  4. Natural Resources (Public Stream Banks) Regulations 71/1951(1) MNRE Active
  5. Private Forests Act (Agriculture) 3/1951 MoAC Active
  6. Forest Preservation Act 14/1910
  7. Flora Protection Act 45/1952
  8. Game Act 51/1953
  9. Game Control Act 37/1947
  10. Game Licence Fees 51/1953
  11. The (revised) Game Act of 1990
  12. Wild Birds Protection Act 45/1914
  13. Protection of Freshwater Fish Act & Regulations 75/1937 MoAC
  14. Animal Diseases Act 7/1965
  15. Grass Fires Act 44/1955
  16. Hotel & Restaurant Taxation Order 21/1973
  17. Hotel Registers Act 1/1909
  18. Protected Places and Areas Act 13/1966
  19. Rifle Association Act and Regulations 61/1940
  20. Shop Hours Act 75/1955
  21. Variation of Close Season 51/1953
  22. Wattle Bark Control Act & Regulations 38/1960 MoAC
  23. Wild Mushroom Control Order 31/1973 MoAC
  24. Aviation Act & Regulations 31/1968
  25. Carriage by Air Act 00/1953
  26. Cane Growers Act 12/1967
  27. Casino Act 56/1963
  28. Liquor Licences Act & Regulations 30/1964.
  29. Urban Government Act 8/1969
  30. Plant Protection Act & Regulations 10/1958
  31. Road Traffic Act & Regulations 6/1965
  32. Visit Conditions 32/1964
  33. Immigration Act & Regulations 32/1964
  34. Identity & Travel Documents Act 54/1959

Summary Schedule of Legislation Relating to Manufacturing

  1. Factories Machinery & Construction Works Act and Regulations 17/1972
  2. Swaziland Swaziland Environment Authority Act 15/1992 MTEC Active
  3. Geneva GATT Act 75/1948 MoAC
  4. Import Control Regulations 46/1939(3)
  5. Income Tax various 21/1975, 84/1959(1,2 & 3), 29/1970, 22/1971, 2/1973, 28/1973
  6. Industrial Conciliation Act 12/1963
  7. Industrial Training Act 13/1967
  8. National Industrial Development
  9. Swaziland Development & Savings Bank Order 49/1973
  10. Trading Licences Order & Regulations 20/1975
  11. Trade Unions Employer's Organisation Act and Rules 12/1966
  12. Wages Act and Regulations 16/1964
  13. Urban Areas Act 8/1969
  14. Corporation Act 17/1971
  15. Patents, Designs and Trade Marks Act 72/1936
  16. Protection of Names, Uniforms and Badges Act 10/1969
  17. Water Act 25/1967; Purification of Industrial Water and Effluent Regulations
  18. Registration of Businesses Act and Regulations 42/1933
  19. Registration of Employers Order and Regulations 23/1974, 1/1975
  20. Registration of Eligible Employees Regulations 23/1974
  21. Registration of United Kingdom Trade Mark Rules 72/1936
  22. Workmen's Compensation Act & Regulations 4/1963.
  23. Companies Act 7/1912
  24. Disposal or Use of Petrol Regulations 46/1973, 150/1941
  25. Electricity Act 10/1963
  26. Employment Act & Regulations 51/1962 Repealed 1980
  27. Exchange Control Order 40/1974
  28. Graded Tax Act & Regulations, 39/1962
  29. Labour Advisory Board Act 16/1966
  30. Prohibition of Export 49/1939
  31. Industrial Relations Act 1996
  32. Patents, Utility Models and Industrial Design Act 1996. MoJ Active

Summary Schedule of Legislation Relating to Mining.

  1. Mineral Concessions Commutation Act 39/1912 MNRE Active
  2. The Mining Act No. 5 / 1958 MNRE Active
  3. The Mines, Works and Machinery Act 61/1960 MEE
  4. Mineral Rights Taxation Order 34/1973 MoF

Summary Schedule of Legislation Relating to Biodiversity

  1. Flora protection Act 45/1952
  2. Forest Preservation act 14/1910
  3. Game Act of 1990 (?)
  4. Hides and Skins Act 65/1955
  5. Importation of Bees Act 16/1910
  6. Noxious Weeds Act 19/1929
  7. Plant Protection Act 10/1958
  8. Protection of Fresh Water Fish Act 75/1937
  9. Variation of Close Season 21/1953
  10. Wattle Bark Control Act 38/1960
  11. Wild Birds Protection Act 45/1914
  12. Wild Mushroom Control Order 31/1973

Summary Schedule of Legislation Relating to Agriculture.

  1. Animal Diseases Act 7/1965
  2. Cane Growers Act 12/1967
  3. Canning Control Act 69/1961
  4. Cattle Dipping Charges Act 46/1950
  5. Cattle Export and Slaughter Tax 32/1968
  6. Cattle Routes act 15/1918
  7. Citrus Act 22/1967
  8. Control of Cerals Act 28/1959
  9. Control of Milling Charges 150/1942
  10. Control of Tree Planting Act 7/1972
  11. Cotton Act 26/1967
  12. Cruelty to Animals Act 43/1962
  13. Dairy Act 28/1968
  14. Grass Fires Act 44/1965
  15. Land and Agricultural Loan Fund Act 34/1929
  16. Locust Destruction Act 44/1924
  17. Noxious Weeds Act 19/1929
  18. Pineapple Act 8/1967
  19. Plant Protection Act 10/1958
  20. Private Forests Act 3/1951
  21. Protection of Fresh Water Fish Act 75/1937
  22. Regulation of Pedigree Livestock Act 11/1921
  23. Sale of Wool Act 29/1942
  24. Stock Theft Act 6/1904
  25. Tobacco Act 52/1944
  26. Transfer of the Assets and liabilities of the Swaziland Livestock Producers Trust to the Ngwenyama Order 17/1974
  27. Wattle Bark Control Act 38/1960
  28. Wild Mushroom Control Order 31/1973

Summary Schedule of Legislation Relating to Environmental Health.

  1. Conveyance and Burial of Dead Bodies Act 33/1970
  2. Pounds Act 24/1966
  3. Water Act 25/1967
  4. Swazi Administration Act 79/ 1950
  5. The Mining Act 5/1958
  6. Swaziland Water Services Corporation Act of 1992
  7. Kobwa Act 1992
  8. Building Act 34/1968
  9. Natural Resources Act 71/1951 & Natural Resources (Public Stream Banks) Regulations 71/1951
  10. Swaziland Environmental Authority Act 5/1992
  11. Urban Government Act 8/1969
  12. Public Health Act 5/1969

Summary Schedule of Legislation Relating to Infrastructure

  1. Railways Regulation Act 31/1964
  2. Swaziland Railways Act 15/1962
  3. Railways Control Act 1/1890
  4. Electricity Act 10/1963
  5. Road Traffic Act 6/1965
  6. Roads & Outspans Act 40/1931
  7. Roads Transportation Act 37/1963
  8. Urban Government Act 8/1969

SEAP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LEGISLATIVE CHANGES

Suggestions from the various reports impacting on Land Resource Management, Manufacturing and Tourism which will or may require legislative enactment include:

Land-related

SUBJECT REFERENCE

  • Grazing Agistment Fees Lrm/d p.49
  • Spectrum Tenure Lrm/d p., 15, 17, 28, 31, 34, 48, 49
  • Constitution. Granting of Universal Proprietal Rights to Clean Natural Resources (A "Polluter Pays Polluted" principle) Hsueh p. 13, & Annexure D; Lrm/d p. 6, 9.
  • Rationalisation & consolidation of land management Lrm/d p.5ff.
  • Elimination of Gender as a Criterion for Rights Allocations Lrm/d p. 6
  • Update Water Quality, Air & Noise Pollution and Solid Waste Disposal Standards Lrm/d p. 9
  • Incorporate Environmental Standards in Tender Evaluations Lrm/d p. 9
  • Ratify & Implement International Environmental Conventions Lrm/d p. 9
  • Eliminate the peri-urban "free ride" on the backs of urban ratepayers Lrm/d p. 20
  • Taxation and Incentive mechanisms Lrm/d p. 20
  • Efficient Administration & Distribution of Property Rights Lrm/d p. 22
  • Soil Conservation Legislation Review Lrm/d p. 27,28
  • Stricter Control on Agricultural Land Subdivision Lrm/d p. 31
  • Leaseholds Over SNL Lrm/d p. 31
  • Agricultural Land Use Legislation Review Lrm/d p. 32
  • Legally Enforce the Efficient Use of TDL Farms Lrm/d p. 33
  • Review Forestry Legislation Lrm/d p. 36, 39
  • Monitor Forests re Biodiversity / Water Resources Lrm/d p. 37
  • Protection & Promotion of Indigenous Forests Lrm/d p. 37
  • Establishment of Botanical Gardens Lrm/d p. 38
  • Update Mining Legislation Lrm/d p. 41, 3.1.4.1.3, 3.1.4.2
  • Constitution Mineral Rights in King's Hands Lrm/d 3.1.4.1.3
  • Update Legal Frameworks for Settlements, Environmental Health, & Infrastructure. Lrm/d 3.1.7.1.3

Tourism-related

SUBJECT REFERENCE

  • Identification and legal protection of eco-tourism attraction sites Poldrft 5,wgmit 5, Lrm/d 3.1.8.1.3
  • Raising tourism promotion revenue through levies wgmit 17, Lrm/d 3.1.8.1.3, 3.1.8.2.
  • Review of visa and passport requirements and border entry Poldrft 9,wgmit 14 procedures & timing Lrm/d 3.1.8.1.2
  • Establish a Tourism Development Board wgmit 14, 17 Lrm/d 3.1.8.2
  • Improve licensing & taxation procedures for casinos wgmit 14, 17 Lrm/d 3.1.8.2.
  • Establish botanic gardens and bird parks wgmit 17, Lrm/d p 38.

Manufacturing-related

SUBJECT REFERENCE

  • Standards for maximum tolerable pollution levels wgmit 9, 16 to be established Lrm/d p. 7.
  • Rationalisation of existing legislation / Development of new legislation wgmit 16